Rampini, Charles. “A History of Moray and Nairn.” Muskegon, MI: Electric Scotlan...
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Rampini, Charles. “A History of Moray and Nairn.” Muskegon, MI: Electric Scotland USA LLC (1898), citing, “As for his cousin Duncan…He had hardly succeeded to his grandfather’s throne than we find himin hostilities with…Thorfinn to recover possession by force of arms of the earldom of Caithness and Sutherland or to make Thorfinn pay tribute for it….The Norsemen were…successful; and in the end they gained a decisive victory…The fight was (at) Torfness—Burghead (on) 14th August 1040…led by King Duncan in person…the Saga gives us a striking picture of their leader Thorfinn—a huge, sinewy, uncomely, martial-looking man, sharp-featured, dark-haired, sallow, and of swarthy complexion, with a gold-plated helmet on his head, a sword at his belt, and a spear in his hands…“The fight ended,” says the Saga-writer, “with the flight of the king, and some say he was slain.”Slain undoubtedly Duncan was. We have it on the authority of Marianus Scotus, of Tighernac, and of all the later chroniclers. And his general, Macbeth, was his murderer.” Chapter I. The Province of Moray.